Fourier analysis

Principles of Fourier analysis

1. Any periodically recurring waveform, no matter how complicated, can always be analysed mathematically as being the sum of a series of simple sine waves
2. Each complex waveforms consists of a Fundamental Frequency (or first harmonic) and a series of related sine waves called Harmonics
3. The frequency of all the harmonics is always a whole number multiple of the fundamental frequency
   * e.g. 5th Harmonic has frequency 5 times that of the Fundamental Frequency
4. All harmonics are related to the fundamental frequency in frequency, amplitude, and phase relationship

NB:
The first 10 harmonics contribute to 99% of the waveform.