Regulation of heart rate

Increased by

• Decreased stimulation of baroreceptors
• Epinephrine
• Increased stimulation of atrial stretch receptors (Bainbridge reflex)
• Inspiration
• Lung inflation
• Pain
• Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
• Thyroid hormone
• Fever

Decreased by

• Increased stimulation of baroreceptors
• Norepinephrine
• Decreased stimulation of atrial stretch receptors (Bainbridge reflex)
• Expiration
• Stimulation of pain fibre in trigeminal nerve
• Raised ICP
• Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors