Basic functions of kidney

According to Vander, the 7 major functions of kidneys are:

1. Regulation of water and electrolyte
2. Excretion of metabolic waste
3. Excretion of bioactive substances
4. Regulation of arterial blood pressure
5. Regulation of RBC production
   * Erythropoietin
6. Regulation of vitamin D production
7. Gluconeogenesis
   * Most occur in liver
   * But substantial amount occur in kidney especially after prolonged fasting