(Cell wall) O and (flagellum) H antigen present
Non-cholera vibrios requires higher than usual concentration of NaCl and can survivie in 10% NaCl.
Common in coastal sea waters.
Can cause gastrointestinal illness, soft tissue infections, septicaemia, otitis media/externa.
Transmitted by contaminated food/water
No known animal reservoirs, no animal/insect vectors.
Noninvasive. Disease caused by enterotoxin in small intestine.
Made up of 2 units (A and B).
* B binds to GM1 ganglioside receptors on mucosal cells
* A2 faciliate penetration of cell membrane
* A1 ADP-ribosylates the Gs protein in the cell membrane
-> Gs activates adenylate cyclase
-> Increased intracellular cAMP
-> Secretion of ions and water into intestine.
Caused by V. cholera (other vibrios can produce similar syndrome)
Incubation - hours to few days
Watery diarrhoea (rice-water stools)
Death (from dehydration) >50% if untreated
A single polar flagellum allows rapid motility
Growth stimulated by NaCl
Facultative anaerobes
Cultured on blood agar or MacConkey agar
Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) enhance isolation
Oxidase positive
Replacement of fluid and electrolytes.
First line: Doxycycline
Second line: Ciprofloxacin
Food hygiene
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